Lathe and lathe tool



June 20, 1944. s W 2,351,892

. LATHE Ann LATHE woo.

Filed fieo. 11,1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 1' '28 -27 ifi l '5 3 29 22 5 2 June 20, 1944. s. s. WELBURY LATHE AND LATHE TOOL Filed Dec. 11, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 7 @5 5 I&

N 1. -P'UW/ 5 Patented June 20, 1944 Stanley Garthwaite Welbury, Sheflield, England,

assignor to Darwinsimited, Sheflield, England Application December 11, 1940, Serial No. 369,647 In Great Britain December 12, 1939 '6 Claims. ei, 82-25) This invention relates to l'athes and lathe tools its object generally being to provide improved means for clearing casual excre'scences and other undesired matter from the surface of a rotating work piece, particularly at and adjacent a shoulder thereof formed by a circumferential collar, flange or the like.

A principal object of the invention is to provide improved means for the removal of the fash or burr which is apt to be left on the cylindrical surface of a projectile or the like by the machining of copper or brass bands thereon;

Another object is to provide means for movably mounting and resiliently supporting a lathe tool and to limit the-depth of cut thereof by a part, movable with the tool, adapted to operate as a stop by contact with work in the lathe.

A further object is to provide means for removing casual excrescences and the like from the axially extending surface of rotating work which varies in diameter or concentricity.

Another object is to enable the tool to be maintained in contact with the work under a predeterminedpressure suflicient to complete the desired clearing operation without damage to the work proper. t

\Another object is to provide means for enablin the cutting edgeofa lathe toolto operate upon one region of the'work and the stop, hereinbefore referred to limiting the depth of cut, to operate upon another region of the work. Forthis purpose the cutting edge may be spaced apart in an axial direction from thepart adapted to operate as a stop so that the latter may contact with a portion of the work which is free from undesired excrescences. i Y

Although the part of the tool which is adapted to operate as a' stop may comprise two separated points or two rollers it is preferably a face on the tool adapted to obtain a. bearing on the work along at least one axially extending line of contacth The cutting edge and the line of contact may both be contained in the same radial plane of the-work and,.particularly for use on cylindrical and conical surfaces, they may be both'contained inthe same straight line. e In a modification,v however, the cutting edge of the tool is contained in a plane at right angles to the axis of the workin'the' lathe-and may be constituted by the edge of a cutter wheel, disc or the like rotatably mounted on. the tool. In this case the part of the tool adapted to operate as a stop is convenientlylprovided by an arc-shaped faceothere'on"coeaxial'withlthe cutter wheel. A further objectis to provide means for simultaneously removing undesired excrescences from both sides of a circumferential collar or projecting band of the work.

A still further object is to provide an improved combination of tool holder and tools by the employment of which a circumferential collar, such as a copper or brass band on a projectile, may be machined and the fash or burr thereby produced may be removed in one traverse of the tool holder towards the work.

Another object is to bring a forming tool into operative position and to machine a circumferential collar of the work at one 'stageof the traverse of a tool holder towards the work, to move the forming tool into an inoperative position wholly clear of the work at a subsequent stage of such traverse and, at a still later stage, to bring a fash or burr removing tool into operative position. t

Another object is to give a cushioned indication tothe operator when the desired depth of cut of a lathe tool hasbeen completed.

, Other objects will appear from the following description of the drawings, in which; a

. Figure 1 is a sectional elevation illustrating a combined lathe tool and holdertherefor according to the present invention in position on the cross slide of a lathe: I

- Figure 2 is a plan of Figure 1 partlyin section, omitting the cross-slide and lathe bed:

Figure 3 is a sectional end view on the line 3- of Figure 1: A

Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional plan of parts on the radial plane indicated by the lined-4 in Figure 1, one of the lathe tools being omitted:

1 Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of a modification? Figure6isaplanofFigure5:

- Figure is an enlarged-sectional plan of parts on the radia1 plane indicated by the line l-'l in Figure 5, one of the lathe tools being omitted:

Figure 8 is a sectional elevation of another modification:

Figure 9 is a plan of Figure 8.

Like reference numerals indicate like parts throughout the several figures of the drawings.

With reference first to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 a cross-slide In of conventional design is movable by the screw II and hand-wheel 12 on the lathe 2 cured to the lower portion l4 by the screws l9 and is formed with two slots or channels 20, one on each side of the central slot of the lower por-- tion H.

In each of the slots 20 a lathe tool in the form of a bent lever having two arms 2| and 22 is fulcrumed at or. about-the bend as indicated at 23. One arm of the lever is situated within the slot 26 and rests upon a spring 24, rubber pad or the like which provides a resilient support for the lathe tool. The other arm 22 of the lever ex tends outside the tool holder slot 20 and; as best seen in Figures 3 and 4, has a cutting edge 25 s and a bearing face 26 adaptedto a rate asah 22 and the cutting edge 25 is formed on 'a block" 2! which is screwed to the side 'of the ar'rn22. The block 21 is preferably of high speed steel although, if desired, tungsten carbide or other cutting alloy may be used to provide the cutting edge 25. As shown clearly in Figure 4 the cu'tting edge 25 is spaced apart axially from the face26 by means of a chamfered formation 'of the block 21 and the face 26 is capable of obtaining a bearing on the Work along an axially extending line of'contact which is in alignment with the cuttingedge25.

The work illustrated consistsi o'f a projectile 28 fitted with a copper or brass band 29. When such a band is 'machinedto'the'desired contour, such as'that illustrated in Figure l for example, a fash or burr is very apt to-beleft on the cylindrical surface of the projectile 2B is indicated at 30 in Figure Although such machining of the band 29 may be independently per-formed it is effected, in the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 1. 2, 3 and. 4, by means of the forming tool T5 which is adjusted by the aid of the wedge I! and secured in the adjusted po-sition by the clamping screws 3] "and-32. The parts are so arranged and adiu'stedthat; as the crossslide II] with the combined tool holder and tools which it carriesis advanced towards the work by the h'and wheel 12, the edge of the forming tool l6 first operates, on the lower portion of the band 29, as the work rotates in the lathe in the direction of the arrow, and'then passes to an inoperative position on the other side tr the work, as shown in Figure 1, before the cutting edge 25 of the lathe tool comes intofo'per'ation. In order that the forming tool I6 may be clear of the band 29 when its edge has passed below the work and reached an inoperative position, the portion of the forming tool adjacent its edge is inclined slightly to the direction of travelof the holder l4, I5 in the cross slide |0 as' shown in Figure 1, so that a widening gap is formed betweenthe'work and this portioh "or the forming tool as the latter is advanced beyond the point at which its edge reaches an inoperative 'posi tion beyond the work. i t

The fash 30 produced by the forming tool J6 will, however, intersect the p'ath of the cutting edge 25 as the tool holder advances further towards the rotating wbrkinto the position shown in Figure '1. During the later stages of advance of the tool holder towards the work the fash 33 is removed by the cutting edge 25 and when thus removedlthe face 26 on the arm 22 makes contact with the cylindrical body 28 of the projectile thereby acting as a stop and limiting the depth of cut made by the edge the axial distance betweenthe cutting; edge 25 and the .face 26, being such that the latter bears upon a part of the work to which the fash or burr 36 does not extend. Since the tool 2|, 22 is movably mounted on its fulcrum 23 and resiliently supported by the spring 24, the stiffness of which is preferably suflicient to hold the cutting edge 25 to its work in removing the fash or burr 30, the work willnot be damaged even if the tool holder is advanced slightly after contact of the face 26 with the work to compress the spring 24, the tool then operating as a scraper or burnisher under a pressure determined by the stiffness of the spring 24,'whilst any slight eccentricity of the work surface will not prevent the removal of the 'fash from around the complete circumference.

It will be understood that although only one of the fash removing tools with the cutting edge :25 and bearing face 26 is shown in Figure 4 the other tool shown in Figures 2 and 3 will operate in a similar manner on the other side of the band 29-, the cutting edges '25 being spaced apart by a distance equal'to the width of the finished band 29 and eachoperating between that band and one of the bearing faces or stops 26.

In the modification illustrated in Figures 5, 6 and 7 the lathe tool comprisesa bent lever 2i, 22 fulcrumed at 23 in the slot 20 "of the portion l5 of the tool holder and resiliently supported by thespring similarly to the corresponding parts shown in Figure l, but the cutting edge is constituted by the periphery 33 of a cutter wheel, disc or the like 34vjournaled at 35 to the arm 22 of the bent lever. n

The arm 22 also carries a part adapted to operate as a stop by contactwith work in the-lathe and, inthe construction illustrated, a block 36 is secured by a screw 3'! to the arm 22 and has an arc-shaped-face 38 forming the stop. The parts are so proportioned and fitted that the arcshaped bearing' face 'or stop 38 is co-axial with and of the same radiusas the cutting edge 33 but, a shown in Figures 6 and 7,'is spaced axially apart therefrom;

Two of the 'lathetools are shown mounted in the toolholder; portion 15 with their cutting edges 33 spaced apart by the width of the soft metal band 29 on the projectile 28.

Itwill be understood that although not shown in Figures 5, 6 and '7 a, forming tool suchv as the one I6 illustrated in Figure l to machine the band 29 may be mounted in the lower portion I4 of the tool holder or the "band 29 may be machined by other means.

The operation-is similar to that described. with reference to Figures 1; 2, 3 and 4; the cutting edge 33, which is at right angles to the axis of thework 28, 29, separating the fash or burr 30 from the-band 29 and the depth of out being lim ited by contact of the are shaped face 38 with the projectile body 28.

In the modification illustrated in Figures 8 and 9 the lathe tool comprises a bar 39 slidable longitudinally in guidesbetw'een the lower part l4 and the upper part l5 of the tool holder. The endof'the to'ol remote from the work is biased by a spring 24 tending to move its other end, which carries the cutting edge 25 and bearifigrace 26, towards the work which consists, in the example illustrated, of a projectile 2a fitted with a o per or brassband '29. The cutting edge 25 which is formed on the block new the bearing race 26 are similar in and in ieration tothose described with reference to Figures 1, 2, a and 4 except that the bearing face 26 ,whic h con stitutes the stop limiting the depth of cut by.

contact with the work is provided by the end of the bar 39. The sliding movement of the lathe tool in relation to its holder is limited by any desired means such as by a pin 40 on the bar 39 engaging a slot M in the upper portion 15 of the tool holder.

Two of the lathe tools are shown slidably mounted in the tool holder in Figure 9 with their cutting edges 25 spaced apart by the width of the soft metal band 28 on the projectile 28 and, as in the case of the modification illustrated in Figures 5, 6 and 7, a forming tool such as the one illustrated in Figure 1 to machine the band 29 may be mounted in the lower portion H: of the tool holder.

In addition to removing the fash or burr til the cutting edge 25 or cutter 3 may also be used to shape the end surface of the band 239 which projects beyond the cylindrical surface of the projectile 28.

An additional function of the resilient mounting of the tool 2| 22 combined with the stop provided by the face 26 or 38 is to give the operator a cushioned indication when the desired depth of cut performed by the cutting edge 25 or 33 has been completed.

What I claim is:

1. In a lathe means for trimming the edges of an annular portion of a piece of work, said annular portion being of limited axial extent as compared with the whole length of the work, said means comprising, in combination, a tool holder, means for traversing said holder transversely of the lines of centers of the lathe to take a cut, two lathe tools each having a cutting edge adapted to operate upon the respective sides of said annular portion and each having a face adapted to operate as an end stop to limit the cut by contact with the work in the lathe, means for movably mounting said tools in the holder with their cutting edges a predetermined axial distance apart and between the faces adapted to operate as stops and means for resiliently supporting said tools in the holder.

2. In a lathe the combination of a tool holder, a lathe tool having a cutting edge and a face adapted to operate as a stop by contact with work in the lathe to limit the depth of cut, means for movably mounting the tool in the holder, means for resiliently supporting the tool 4 in the holder, a cross-slide, means for traversing the holder therein, and a forming tool so mounted in the holder that as the holder is traversed towards the work the edge of the forming tool first operates on the work and then passes across a diameter thereof at right angles to the crossslide to an inoperative position and at a subse quent stage of the holder traverse the movably mounted and resiliently supported lathe tool operates on the work.

3. In a lathe the combination of a tool holder, a lathe tool having a. cutting edge and a face adapted to operate as a stop by contact with work in the lathe to limit the depth of cut, means for movably mounting the tool in the holder, means for resiliently supporting the tool in the holder, a cross slide, means for traversing the holder therein and aforming tool so mounted in the holder that as the holder is traversed towards the work the edge of the forming tool first operates on the work and then passes across a diameter thereof at right angles to the crossslide to an inoperative position with the portion of said forming tool adjacent its edge wholly clear of the work and at a subsequent stage of the holder traverse the movably mounted and resiliently supported lathe tool operates on the work.

4. In a lathe the combination of a tool holder, a lathe tool having a cutting edge and a face adapted to operate as a stop by contact with work in the lathe to limit the depth of cut, means for movably mounting the tool in the holder, means for resiliently supporting the tool in the holder, a cross-slide, means for traversing the holder therein, and a forming tool'so mounted in the holder that as the holder is traversed towards the work the edge of the forming tool first operates on the work and then passes across a diameter thereof at right angles to the crossslide to an inoperative position the portion of said forming tool adjacent its edge and facing the work being inclined to the direction of travel of the tool holder in the cross-slide and at a subsequent stage of the holder traverse the movably mounted and resiliently supported lathe tool operates on the work.

5. In a lathe the combination of a tool holder, two lathe tools each having a cutting edge and each having a face adapted to operate as a stop by contact with work in the lathe to limit the depth of cut, means for movably mounting said tools in the holder with their cutting edges a predetermined axial distance apart and between the parts adapted to operate as stops, means for resiliently supporting said tools in the holder, a cross-slide, means for traversin the holder therein and a forming tool so mounted in the holder that as the holder is traversed towards the work the edge of the forming tool first operates on the work and then passes-across a diameter thereof at right angles to the crossslide to an inoperative position and at a subsequent stage of the holder traverse the movably mounted and resiliently supported lathe tools operate on the work.

6. In a lathe the combination of a tool holder, a lathe tool having a cutting edge and a face spaced apart from said cutting edge in an axial direction as regards the lathe and adapted to operate as a stop by bearing on work in the lathe along at least one axially extending line of contact to limit the depth of out, the cutting edge and the line of contact both being contained in the same radial plane of the work, a bent lever of which one arm carries said cutting edge and said face, means for fulcruming said lever adjacent the bend to the tool-holder, a spring biasing the other arm of the lever to move the first arm towards the work, a, cross-slide, means for traversing the holder therein, and a forming tool so mounted in the holder that as the holder is traversed towards the work the edge of the forming tool first operates on the work and then passes across a diameter thereof at right angles to the cross-slide to an inoperative position and at a subsequent stage of the holder traverse the movably mounted and resiliently supported lath tool operates on the work.

STANLEY GARTHWAITE WELBURY. 

